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Restrictive measures by the Israeli occupation authority against the Palestinian economy and especially during the period 29/9/2000 - 30/6/2001 created numerous obstacles, which have further complicated and aggravated an already precarious situation.
Agriculture is a major contributor to the Palestinian gross domestic product and employs a high percentage of the Palestinian work force.
Marketing of farm products to the Palestinian, Israeli or world markets is one of many Israeli obstacles faced by the Palestinian farmers. The closure and complete seal of the cities hindered the capability of marketing the agriculture products. Other potential working activities such as transportation were hindered by the Israeli closure of the Palestinian towns and villages. This in addition to the loss of revenue as a result of Israeli uprooting of 385808 trees.
The following is a list of some of Israeli practices that have affected the agricultural sector:
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The policy of closure and separation between villages and districts.
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Uprooting, bulldozing and burning trees.
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Harassing farmers while working on the land and preventing them from picking their produce.
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Limiting the movement of herds.
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Destroying agricultural lands and uprooting trees in order to construct military locations at the entrances of Palestinian districts and villages.
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Destroying green houses.
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Closing the fishing harbor and limiting the movements of the fishermen.
These practices have led to the following results:
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Hindering marketing process and reducing prices of agricultural products.
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Stopping an agricultural projects that aimed to enhance the infrastructure and the production efficiency of the sector.
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Limiting the provision of agricultural inputs and an increase in their prices.
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Paralyzing the movement of agricultural laborers.
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Restricting the transport of agricultural products, the Israeli lorries only being allowed to transfer goods to the entrances of districts.
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The difficulty in providing the agricultural services has led to a fall in production and the spread of various diseases in both plant and animal production.
The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) has formed emergency committees in all districts in order to continue to provide the MOA services under closure. These committees have worked with institutions on the national level in order to evaluate the losses. This report summarized the various damages exposed to the Palestinian agricultural sector as in the following:
The following represent a summary of the Palestinian losses in the agricultural sector as a result of Israeli aggression and closure of the Palestinian cities and communities.
I. Loss from stopping the exports to Israeli and world markets
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Sub total of losses = $ 15,997,500 |
II. Reduction of agricultural product prices in local markets
The closure policy prohibited the farmers from reaching their marketing areas within the local markets. As a result, the farmers sold their products at the site of production with lower prices. The losses as a result of that can estimated as:
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Sub total of losses = $55,200,000 |
III. Uprooting of plants and destruction of green houses and farming equipment
Table 1: Numbers of uprooted trees during the period 29/9/2000 - 31/8/2001
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Type |
Olive |
Citrus |
Stone fruits |
Forest |
Dates |
Bananas |
Vine |
Others |
Total |
No. |
115569 |
121793 |
40158 |
13371 |
13251 |
12000 |
43494 |
35006 |
394642 |
| Sub total of losses = $ 97,012,168 |
IV. Reduction of revenues from agricultural transportation, marketing and exporting
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Sub total of losses = $ 27,950,000 |
V. Loss in livestock production
As a result of the continue closure, the price of animal feed increased and farmers reduced the amount of food required to animals and birds, which led to loss in the weights of animals, chickens and egg production.
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Sub total of losses = $ 25,667,000 |
VI. Fishing
As a result of closing Gaza harbor and preventing the fishermen to get out to the Palestinian water:
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Sub total of losses = $ 3,853,876 |
VII. Olive sector
The deterioration of security conditions and the dangers farmers were exposed led to difficulties for the farmers in accessing their lands to pick olives. In addition, there were tens of tons of olive fruits stolen and confiscated
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Sub total of losses = $ 13,404,237 |
VIII. Agricultural workers
The proportion of agricultural workers in Palestine reaches to 13% of the total working force. For example, there are 10,000 workers from southern districts working in picking and packaging of agricultural products in the northern districts. These contract labors could not make it to their working areas because of the Israeli closure. If we added the losses of working days from other agricultural workers in other parts of Palestine, the actual losses in productivity can reach to
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Subtotal of contract farm workers losses = $ 156,400,000 |
IX. Bulldozing of 30000 Dunums of land which was prepared for planting with field crops and bulldozing 1283 Dunums planted with field crops
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Sub total of losses = $ 46,892,600 |
Thus, the total direct losses since the beginning of Al-Aqsa Intifada in September 29, 2000 up to December, 2001 as a result of Israeli aggression on the Palestinian agricultural sector is $ 482,592,34
Table 2: Damages caused by the Israeli aggression on the Palestinian agricultural sector, including the destruction of agricultural wells and other agricultural constructions during the period of 29/9/2000 - 31/12/2001
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Type of losses |
Number of losses |
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Demolition of agricultural stores |
148 |
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Demolition of poultry farms |
68 |
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Demolition of animal enclosures |
19 |
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Killing sheep and goats |
1135 head |
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Killing cattle |
395 head |
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Damaging hive bees |
5278 hive |
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Well destruction |
144 |
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Demolition of farmer houses . |
207 |
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Poultry death |
136193 bird |
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Bulldozing of irrigation networks |
7029 dunums |
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Destruction of agricultural pond |
616 |
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Bulldozing of farms walls and fences |
69976 meters |
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Destruction of main lines of water pipes |
186492 meters |
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Area of vegetables planted under green houses destroyed |
579 dunums |
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Area of vegetables planted in open field and under plastic tunnels destroyed |
7781 dunums |
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Number of farmers affected |
5073 farmers |
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Total of bulldozed agricultural land |
32470 |
Notes:
Some areas that were bulldozed in April, May, and June were not included in this report because of the danger to the fieldworkers, but they will be included in later reports.
This report does not include the losses caused by the destruction of assets and imposed dues on Palestinian importers in exchange of the availability of goods in Israeli harbor, which will enter in evaluations
Source: Ministry of Agriculture. Report on Palestinian agricultural losses due to recent Israeli actions. Ramallah (September 29, 2000 - December 31, 2001), Palestine.
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